Tham khảo Đau mãn tính

  1. 1 2 Turk, D.C.; Okifuji, A. (2001). “Pain terms and taxonomies”. Trong Loeser, D.; Butler, S. H.; Chapman, J.J.; Turk, D. C. (biên tập). Bonica's Management of Pain (ấn bản 3). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. tr. 18–25. ISBN 978-0-683-30462-6.
  2. ↑ Main, C.J.; Spanswick, C.C. (2001). Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach. Elsevier. tr. 93. ISBN 978-0-443-05683-3.
  3. ↑ Thienhaus, O.; Cole, B.E. (2002). “Classification of pain”. Trong Weiner, R.S. (biên tập). Pain management: A practical guide for clinicians (ấn bản 6). American Academy of Pain Management. ISBN 978-0-8493-0926-7.
  4. ↑ Harstall C, Ospina M. How Prevalent Is Chronic Pain? June 2003 volume XI issue2 Pain Clinical Updates, International Association for the Study of Pain. pages=1–4 Lưu trữ 2017-06-23 tại Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ Tauben D (2015). “Nonopioid medications for pain”. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 26 (2): 219–48. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2015.01.005. PMID 25952062.
  6. ↑ Welsch P, Sommer C, Schiltenwolf M, Häuser W (2015). “[Opioids in chronic noncancer pain-are opioids superior to nonopioid analgesics? A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized head-to-head comparisons of opioids versus nonopioid analgesics of at least four week's duration]”. Schmerz (bằng tiếng Đức). 29 (1): 85–95. doi:10.1007/s00482-014-1436-0. PMID 25376546.Quản lý CS1: ngôn ngữ không rõ (liên kết)
  7. ↑ Reuben, DB; H Alvanzo, AA; Ashikaga, T; Bogat, GA; Callahan, CM; Ruffing, V; Steffens, DC (ngày 13 tháng 1 năm 2015). “National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: The Role of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain”. Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (4): 295–300. doi:10.7326/M14-2775. PMID 25581341.
  8. ↑ Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, Hansen RN, Sullivan SD, Blazina I, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Deyo RA (2015). “The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop”. Ann. Intern. Med. 162 (4): 276–86. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. PMID 25581257.
  9. ↑ Busse, JW; Craigie, S; Juurlink, DN; Buckley, DN; Wang, L; Couban, RJ; Agoritsas, T; Akl, EA; Carrasco-Labra, A; Cooper, L; Cull, C; da Costa, BR; Frank, JW; Grant, G; Iorio, A; Persaud, N; Stern, S; Tugwell, P; Vandvik, PO; Guyatt, GH (ngày 8 tháng 5 năm 2017). “Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain”. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 189 (18): E659–E666. doi:10.1503/cmaj.170363. PMC 5422149. PMID 28483845.